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✅   Longitudinal dynamics of gut plasmidome and antibiotic resistance during antibiotic therapy: a case report

science

The human gut microbiome is composed of diverse microbes, and its association with human health is well-recognized. Antibiotic therapies for treating infectious diseases often mediate adverse influences on gut microbial ecosystems. Further, ESBL (extended-spectrum beta-lactamase)-producing bacteria potentially residing in the gut benefit from antibiotic-induced environmental changes via positive selection for resistance traits. As antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes are often harbored by mobile plasmids, the importance of these extrachromosomal mobile genetic elements during antibiotic exposure is evident. However, there is still a knowledge gap in how microbiomes respond to antibiotic treatment especially in terms of plasmid carriage and how gut plasmid populations evolve following and revive after antibiotic therapy.

BioRxiv     Apr 15, 2025