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✅   Machine Learning Ensemble Reveals Distinct Molecular Pathways of Retinal Damage in Spaceflown Mice

science

Spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS) threatens astronaut health during long-duration missions, yet its molecular pathology remains unclear. Two physiological pathways exist: one attributes SANS to microgravity-induced cephalic fluid shift causing increased intracranial pressure, altered CSF flow, blood-brain barrier disruption, and optic disc edema; the other emphasizes radiation-induced oxidative stress affecting electrolyte channels. However, the exact mechanisms are not completely understood in this unique pathophysiologic barrier to human spaceflight. We investigated two cellular stress markers in the retinal tissues of mice (n=16) flown on the International Space Station (ISS): 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), indicating oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, and DNA fragmentation detected via TUNEL assay, indicating apoptosis.

BioRxiv     Jan 30, 2026