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Understanding disparities in access to and quality of surgical care for African, Caribbean and Black communities in high-income countries with universal healthcare: a scoping review protocol

Health

Introduction African, Caribbean and Black (ACB) communities experience disparities in health outcomes, with higher rates of chronic diseases, such as heart disease and stroke, and lower self-reported health status compared to their White counterparts. Barriers to timely access to healthcare services further exacerbate these inequities. Some studies link racialisation to surgical disparities and subpar surgical outcomes. However, the findings are diverse, and there is no synthesis of the evidence on disparities in surgical care for ACB patients in high-income countries with universal healthcare systems. The objective of the scoping review is to systematically describe, characterise and map the existing literature on disparities in the access to and quality of surgical care among ACB patients in high-income countries ...

BMJ     Jun 23, 2025