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A General Theoretical Paradigm to Understand Learning from Human Preferences. (arXiv:2310.12036v2 [cs.AI] UPDATED)

science

The prevalent deployment of learning from human preferences through reinforcement learning (RLHF) relies on two important approximations: the first assumes that pairwise preferences can be substituted with pointwise rewards. The second assumes that a reward model trained on these pointwise rewards can generalize from collected data to out-of-distribution data sampled by the policy. Recently, Direct Preference Optimisation (DPO) has been proposed as an approach that bypasses the second approximation and learn directly a policy from collected data without the reward modelling stage. However, this method still heavily relies on the first approximation. In this paper we try to gain a deeper theoretical understanding of these practical algorithms.

arXiv     Nov 23, 2023

Fitch Affirms All Ratings on Preferred Shares of 11 Invesco CEFs - Fitch Ratings

Fitch Ratings - New York - 22 Nov 2023: Fitch Ratings has affirmed the long-term ratings assigned to the Variable Rate MuniFund Term Preferred Shares (VMTP shares) issued by nine municipal closed-end funds managed by Invesco Advisers, Inc. at 'AA'.In addition, Fitch has affirmed the 'A' long-term ratings on the VMTP shares of Invesco Municipal Income Opportunities Trust (OIA) and the Series W-7 Variable Rate Demand Preferred Shares (VRDP shares) issued by Invesco Senior Income Trust (VVR). The VVR VRDP shares' short-term rating has been affirmed at 'F1'.

fitchratings.com     Nov 22, 2023

Brave new workplace: The future of hybrid working - Phys.org

Brave new workplace: The future of hybrid working.org

Phys     Nov 24, 2023

Closed-End Funds: Cohen & Steers Preferred Trio

Cohen & Steers (CNS) is a smaller asset manager that's generally focused on real estate investing. They offer several closed-end funds specifically focused on that area of the market as well. However, they also generally carry exposure to preferred investments as well. Even their more popular real estate-focused CEFs have some exposure to preferreds.

seekingalpha.com     Nov 25, 2023

Creating artistic collages using reinforcement learning - Tech Xplore

Creating artistic collages using reinforcement learningTech Xplore

techxplore.com     Nov 26, 2023